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| c. 550 BC |
| | | An Etruscan dynasty rules in Rome and Etruscan influence is now dominant throughout central Italy | |
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| c. 545 BC |
| | | Cyrus annexes the Greek territory of Ionia as part of his empire, giving Persia a presence on the Aegean | |
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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The Celts, moving west from central Europe, settle in France and northern Spain | |
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| 493 BC |
| | | After six years the Persians recover control of Ionia, but Athens is now identified as a target for invasion | |
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| 490 BC |
| | | Darius sends a fleet across the Aegean, carrying a large army of infantry and cavalry for an attack on Athens | |
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| c. 480 BC |
| | | Kritios sculpts a naturalistic male nude, now the earliest surviving masterpiece in a central tradition of Greek art | |
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| c. 446 BC |
| | | Phidias sculpts a huge statue of the goddess Athena, to be the central feature of the new Parthenon | |
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| 414 BC |
| | | The Persians, renewing their interest in the Aegean, fund the Spartans in the building of a fleet to match that of Athens | |
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| c. 380 BC |
| | | Central to Plato's philosophy is the theory that there are higher Forms of reality, of which our senses perceive only a transient shadow | |
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| c. 320 |
| | | Roman mosaic is at its most lavish in the floors of Piazza Armerina, in central Sicily | |
|  | Piazza Armerina, Sicily
Fotofile CG
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